Computer networks are working well with most common components on a network, not counting cables, "routers", "hubs", and "switches". A network hub is a simple broadcast device that do not manage any of the traffic that comes through them. The new generation network hardware operates on the "Open System Interconnection" (OSI) standard. OSI standard defines how communications is possible on a network and how should be implemented. Therefore, a message is sent between computers, then its broken into parts. First base level, is the message in form of "1" and "0" bits. Second level is a group of bits called a "frame".Third level is a group of frames called a "packet". Therefore ,the network hub works on the first layer of the OSI standard, called the "physical layer". Computer hardware containing different parts which are visible to us like keyboard, printer and cables etc...The different generation are take place as going from first generation to fourth generation, therefore hardware technology is increase.
The hub is the most simple of the three modules. A hub is not aware of the contents of the message that is processed just handles the message as bits. It simply records the signal, and rebroadcast it to all. Two type of hubs are there active and passive. An "active" hub will clean the electrical signal of noise before sending. A "passive" hub provides the signal as received to each port. Mostly hubs are used to link multiple computers with a printer.
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